![]() ![]() ![]() 1-3 Therefore, patient care decisions are often made based on presumed positive or negative immunoassay test results. 1-3 Unexpected results should be confirmed with a second test, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), that is more accurate however, these tests are costly and require extra time to perform. 1,2 While a useful tool, immunoassays have poor specificity that may lead to false-positive results. Immunoassays detect substances above a set threshold using antibodies. The most frequently used type of UDS is the immunoassay due to its low cost, rapidity of results, and simplicity of use. 1 Thus, these tests are commonly used in clinical practice to support decision-making on the use of high-risk medications. Urine drug screen (UDS) testing can increase workplace safety, detect drug abuse, monitor patients’ compliance with prescription medications, and assess suspected drug ingestions. Pharmacists can provide guidance in selecting appropriate drug therapies that are less likely to cause false readings, thus decreasing the need for additional testing. Unexpected results from urine immunoassays should have a confirmatory gas chromatography–mass spectrometry or a high-performance liquid chromatography test performed. By identifying medications that contribute to false-negatives and false-positives, pharmacists decrease misinterpretations from urine drug screens. False-negatives and false-positives from immunoassays can lead to adverse consequences for patients and providers. ABSTRACT: Urine drug screening is a common way to test for compliance with medications having high abuse potential.
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